ARES Letter for May 21, 2008
The ARES E-Letter May 21, 2008 ================= Rick Palm, K1CE, Editor <http://www.qrz.com/database?callsign=K1CE>, =================================== ARES reports, other related contributions, editorial questions or comments: <k1ce@arrl.net>;; =================================== + News From ARRL HQ American Red Cross Responds to ARRL Concerns Regarding Background Checks In November 2007, ARRL President Joel Harrison, W5ZN, wrote to the American Red Cross (ARC) regarding concerns voiced by ARRL volunteers. In 2006, the Red Cross stated it would implement background checks that included, among other things, a credit check and a "mode of living" check for its staff and volunteers, including ARES volunteers providing services to the Red Cross during disasters. ARRL saw these portions of the background check as unneeded and inappropriate for ARES service. In a letter dated May 8 of this year, Armond T. Mascelli, ARC Vice President for Disaster Response Services replied to President Harrison: "I can now report back to you that [these] actions have been completed and changes have been instituted which I trust resolves the concerns detailed in your letter. This effort took considerably more time and attention than originally envisioned, but I believe the results will now benefit our respective organizations. "A new background consent form now [is] to be used by all Red Cross chapters for ARRL members and other partner organizations. The form and related process is limited to the name and social security number verification of the individual, and a criminal background check. References and suggestions to other related investigative possibilities have been stricken." ARRL Emergency Preparedness and Response Manager Dennis Dura, K2DCD, announced the resolution at the ARRL ARES forum at the Dayton Hamvention® and received hearty applause. "We are very pleased that the American Red Cross has addressed some of the issues that we raised regarding their background investigations and that we can move forward in a relationship that has existed for a long, long time," Harrison said. "The American Red Cross and the ARRL have shared a productive relationship for many years which has been of benefit to both the organizations and to the public. We are glad that throughout the past months we have been able to negotiate the issues that we had and have finally come to a resolution." What's Next? With the background check issue apparently resolved, the ARRL will be working with the ARC in the negotiation and creation of a draft for a new Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) or similar document to replace the one which expired last year; Dura and Keith Robertory of the ARC will be leading the effort. When complete, the draft of the MOU will be presented to the leadership of both organizations for approval. "The ARRL is very pleased that the American Red Cross has responded appropriately to our concerns about the background check issue," said ARRL Chief Executive Officer David Sumner, K1ZZ. "We believe it now will be possible to go forward to negotiate a statement of understanding between the two organizations. We look forward to renewing and expanding the relationship with the Red Cross." + The View from Flagler County Add a satellite capability to your EmComm arsenal. If terrestrial platforms are out, a satellite may be all you have left. Operating through low earth orbiting satellites also improves operating skill: it's like driving your car with the road moving. You must tune your uplink and downlink frequencies to compensate for a fast Doppler shift, as you send and receive your CW or SSB signal. It's not easy at first; but like anything, the more you practice, the better you get. Try the FM repeater bird AO-51 first, with an uplink of 145.90 MHz, and a downlink of 435.225 MHz. No fancy tracking software is necessary: Use AMSAT's pass predictor at: <http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/tools/predict/>. You won't be satisfied for long on AO-51. Move up to VO-52 for real operating on a wide transponder pass band: the uplink is 435.220 MHz to 435.280 MHz and the downlink is 145.870 to 145.930 MHz. Both SSB and CW work just fine. Signals are good without preamplifiers, nor even rotating beam antennas. Believe it or not, I use a cheap, simple fixed 2-meter/70 cm beam <http://www.arrowantennas.com/> pointed skyward at a 45 degree angle. Prior to the pass, I check the AMSAT predictor for the access times and the highest elevation azimuth, and walk out to the backyard and hand turn the mast accordingly. I usually get a ten-minute window and decent signals to work a few CW contacts, including a recent one with Honduras. For upgrades, I am planning to add a separate 70 cm beam to reduce a bit of de-sense on voice operation, and a used/rebuilt Alliance U-110 rotator from <http://www.rotorservice.com/>. It's not rocket science (pun intended): if I can do it, anybody can do it. Satellites may be all you have in a doomsday scenario, and are great ways to improve your operating skill. (And frankly, they are a blast of fun to play with!) ---------------- In This Issue: + News From ARRL HQ + The View from Flagler County + "Hurricane Ulysses" Exercise Preps Mississippi Gulf Coast + China EQ + Midwest, Southeast Tornado Responses + Illinois Earthquake Drill Turns to Reality + Brady, Texas, Hospital Communications Outage + ARES Forum at Gainesville, Florida Hamfest Lauded + Crisis in Trauma and Emergency Care + Colorado Group Receives D-STAR Equipment; Will Support ARES + Interoperability Video + Pandemic Flu Video + UPDATE: SMS E-Mail Address for AT&T Phones + LETTERS: "SMS" on APRS + LETTERS: From the Hurricane Watch Net Manager + LETTERS: Diminished Licensing, Technical Standards? + LETTERS: "Digital Call signs" + LETTERS: Observations of a FEMA Disaster Assessor + EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT RESOURCE: Live News Cameras + K1CE For a Final ---------------- + "Hurricane Ulysses" Exercise Preps Mississippi Gulf Coast For a drill in preparation for the 2008 hurricane season, "Hurricane Ulysses" moved ashore with 115 mph winds as the eye passed over Biloxi Bay, Mississippi. This was the beginning of the annual Mississippi EMA (MEMA) Hurricane exercise, which commenced at 0800 on May 1 with the eye just east of Laurel, and continued until 1530. This exercise saw the first deployment of an Amateur Radio station on the MEMA Mobile Operation (MOBOPS) Center, which was located for the exercise at the Air National Guard Training Center in Gulfport and operated on HF, VHF, and WinLink. This was also a successful test for the MEMA to the Coast VHF Link, which has been put in place through the continuing efforts of the members of the South Mississippi Repeater Coalition. Nets were operated on HF and VHF. The Mississippi ARES Net operated on 3862 kHz with EOC check-ins from numerous counties. As expected, most participants experienced some operational and equipment glitches, but that is why we have exercises: Find the problems now, and not during an actual event. The MEMA Scenario gave ARES a chance to check out links and equipment. Exercise action was not limited to southern Mississippi. Northeastern Mississippi DEC Paul Reiselt, WB5CON, reported that Operation Vigilant Guard '08 went well. The Tennessee Army National Guard moved into Alcorn County after a simulated earthquake along the New Madrid fault. Alcorn County was a staging area for troops moving from central and east Tennessee toward the Memphis and Millington area. Alcorn County ARES was involved in the first 24 hours of the 6-day operation and set up two communication trailers with HF and VHF equipment. At the EMA, they were self-contained with batteries, inverters, generator, a 30-foot Rohn 25 tower with inverted V antenna and a 2-meter omni antenna. At the Magnolia Regional Health Center, Alcorn ARES set up a trailer with inverted V and 2 meter omni antennas, batteries, generator, and solar panels. -- Excerpted from the April 2008 Mississippi Section Report, Malcolm Keown, W5XX, Section Manager + China EQ On May 12, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit Sichuan, China. According to the Chinese Radio Sports Association <http://www.crsa.org.cn/english.php>, the Chinese IARU Member-Society designated frequencies for emergency services involved in the rescue: 14.270, 7.050 and 7.060 MHz. The ARRL encouraged US amateurs to be aware of the emergency operations on those three frequencies. The CSRA called on its members to learn what is most needed by people in that area and report it to the local government authority; to pass messages for citizenry and support disaster relief authorities. Liu Hu, BG8AAS, of Chengdu, reported that a local UHF repeater survived the disaster. "It keeps functioning from the first minute and more than 200 local radio hams are now on that repeater. A group of hams from Chengdu has headed for Wenchuan, the center of the quake, trying to set up emergency communication services there," he said. The UHF repeater directed "social vehicles to transport the wounded from Dujiangyan, Beichuan and other regions." On May 13, a group of radio amateurs were transmitting from Wenchuan, the center of the quake: "Signals are very weak. They tried to keep communication with BY8AA, the Sichuan Radio Orienteering Association in Chengdu, seeking resources needed. During a contact, they were asking for raincoats, water, tents and outdoor living facilities." -- CRSA Web site, information provided by Michael Ye, BD4AAQ, and Michael Chen, BD5RV/4, excerpted from the ARRL Letter + Midwest, Southeast Tornado Responses The Midwest and Southeast were affected by tornadoes last month and earlier this month. A series of major storms moved through Mississippi in April. The storm of April 4 left parts of Warren, Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties looking as if Katrina had returned. SKYWARN ops fed a series of key information reports to NWS-Jackson that aided in developing warnings for residents in the path of the storm as it moved from east to west across Central Mississippi. EC Donna Harrison, KD5GWM, reported that the storm finally exited the Meridian area leaving 95 homes damaged. Several lesser storm events occurred during the month until an EF2 tornado struck Union County on May 2. EC Gregg Fitzgerald, W5LMW, reported that the tornado left a 20-mile long path of destruction across the County. The Northeast SKYWARN Net was activated. Thomas Hall, WB4VYB, initially sighted the tornado with quarter-sized hail. The list of damage is long with 19 houses destroyed; 47 houses with major damage; 103 houses with minor damage; and multiple other structures damaged. Union County ARES was activated the following morning with traffic passed for the Red Cross. W5LMW escorted the Memphis NWS staff on their damage assessment tour. -- Mississippi Section Report, Malcolm Keown, W5XX, Section Manager An EF2 tornado hit Stafford County, Virginia, on May 8. EC Curt "Bart" Bartholomew, N3GQ, said ARES members handled more than 100 traffic messages for the American Red Cross, the Stafford Sheriff's Office, the Stafford Sheriff's Office 911 Center and the Stafford Emergency Management Division. ARES members also set up a SKYWARN net. Residents reported the tornado blasted in at about 10:30 PM amid a "lurid red-and-green sky laced with lightning that sent many rushing into their basements," said Spotsylvania County EC Tom Lauzon, KI4AFE. In Oklahoma, Assistant SEC Mark Conklin, N7XYO, said served agencies were contacted and ARES groups in the area were placed on standby status: "Amateur Radio SKYWARN spotters were very busy and were of great help to the National Weather Service office in Tulsa during the storm events." + Illinois Earthquake Drill Turns to Reality Illinois ARES conducted their annual EQ drill last month in support of the Central United States Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC) <http://www.cusec.org/> efforts in preparing for earthquakes, and to keep attention focused on the New Madrid fault zones. The drill was dubbed "Shake, Rattle and Roll," and held in the early morning of April 8. The scenario was a magnitude 5.2 earthquake. An emergency net was up and operating within two minutes of the cessation of shaking, taking reports from the tri-state area. First, it was determined that the event was definitely an earthquake with a widespread impact. Local public safety radio systems went down owing to an overloaded and crashed computer system. (The single computer controlled all of the radios). The drill and net closed at 9 AM. Then at 10:15 AM, the area was shaken into reality by a real Richter scale 4.6 EQ. The net re-opened and took reports. Thirty seismic events of measurable strength were recorded. According to Gary Auerswald, WB9UDJ, EC, Lawrence County, "the first quake scared everyone, and the second strong one created a lot of concern." Auerswald added this anecdote: "We have one operator, Chuck, KB9KHB, who lived at the epicenter of the activity, so we called him 'Epicenter Chuck' at 'Rock and Roll Central.' He thinks Mother Nature is mad at him, with all of the quakes at his location and a bolt of lightning that exploded a power pole transformer on his property. As Chuck left his house to check it, a skunk sprayed him. No one will stand near Chuck anymore." -- Gary Auerswald, WB9UDJ, EC, Lawrence County, Illinois, and Pat Ryan, KC6VVT, Illinois SEC <kc6vvt@arrl.net> + Brady, Texas, Hospital Communications Outage The Heart of Texas Ham Operators Group (HOT-HOG) and McCulloch County ARES have an agreement with the Heart of Texas Memorial Hospital in Brady for providing back-up emergency communications. The hospital has many communication needs, including the need to confer with Shannon Medical Center in San Angelo before transferring patients from Brady to Shannon. That communication is normally conducted by telephone. During a communications outage that isolated the community from the outside world, with long-distance land line service, cellular service and Internet service not working due to a severed fiber optic cable, the hospital called upon Amateur Radio operators for help. Using the link between a repeater at Brady and one north of San Angelo, an operator in Brady made direct contact with a colleague at the communications center at Shannon, and notified that facility of the situation. A few hours later, there was a need to transfer a patient, and the system was put to the test. One Amateur Radio contact from within the Heart of Texas Memorial Hospital building put the doctor in direct voice communication with Shannon so that the necessary patient and administrative information could be transferred between them. With that and the summoning of an ambulance, the patient was on his way. All of the amateur equipment is funded and maintained by the hams and their local organizations, but some outside assistance is always welcome. The radio repeater link that was used to cover the outage was upgraded only ten days earlier thanks to a grant that the Heart of Texas Memorial Hospital obtained from the Concho Valley Regional Administrative Council. At the time, no one could have known that the advisability of that expenditure would be tested and proved successful so soon. -- Rick Melcer, N5KAO, EC, McCulloch County, Texas <n5kao@arrl.net> + ARES Forum at Gainesville, Florida Hamfest Lauded Northern Florida's Suwannee District ARES members conducted a forum at the Gainesville Hamfest on April 26. Presentations on the ARES programs in Alachua, Gilchrist, and Columbia counties were shared with more than 33 hams. Public service events, drills, and emergency activations were reported by the county ECs for the past year. Richard Heston, KE4BQI, EC for Columbia County, gave a first hand report on the communications loss and ham radio support provided following the March 7 EF2 tornado that damaged 50 homes in Lake City. The program ended with encouraging comments from DEC Richard Block, KG4CHW, SEC Joe Bushel, W2DWR, and ARRL Southeastern Division Director Greg Sarratt, W4OZK. Bushel said "I congratulate you on the fantastic presentation. You are hard workers and do a great job. Please continue to set the good example for the rest of us." Director Sarratt added, "You guys put on a very good ARES forum and Hamfest. I enjoyed my visit." -- Jeff Capehart, W4UFL, EC/RO Alachua County ARES/RACES + Crisis in Trauma and Emergency Care For any Amateur Radio operator involved in providing emergency communications to a hospital or other EMS centers, a recent article in "Homeland Security Today" should be required reading. This follows several media accounts in the past two weeks citing a GAO report that hospitals would be incapable of providing the level of care needed for a Madrid (Spain) terrorist event with mass casualties. Any mass casualty event is also likely to produce loss or reduction of communications ability. Amateur radio can help to fill these gaps, but it will be vital that amateurs have close working relationships with their served agencies, and understand the environment that they'll be working in. In the past year, I've visited Level 1 trauma centers in five U.S. cities, and in every case, you see waiting rooms filled nearly to capacity. Bed space, doctors, nurses, lab techs, and other resources are usually operating at maximum capacity around the clock. Any mass casualty event would certainly overwhelm the system, and triage would become a necessity. In order to be effective, it's vital that amateurs know the capabilities of their served agency, contingency plans for mass casualty events, security arrangements, and diversion hospitals and routes. Think about how you'll be able to communicate with the hospitals that overflow patients would be diverted to, and then plan for losing all or part of that communications capability. <http://hstoday.us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3334&Itemid=150> -- Les Rayburn, N1LF, Shelby County EC, Alabama + Colorado Group Receives D-STAR Equipment; Will Support ARES The Colorado Council of Amateur Radio Clubs (CCARC) recently teamed up with Ham Radio Outlet (HRO) in Denver to donate a 2 meter, 70 cm and 23 cm D-STAR system stack. According to ARRL Colorado Section Manager and CCARC Board Member Jeff Ryan, K0RM, the two groups hit upon the idea of issuing a Request for Proposal (RFP) to Colorado radio amateurs. "We received three excellent proposals," Ryan said, "and on March 21, CCARC and HRO awarded the D-STAR system to the Colorado D-STAR Association, a consortium of Denver area individuals, clubs and ARES groups." Ryan explained that the goal of the CCARC, which also serves as Colorado's frequency coordination body, was "to spur the interest and use of digital Amateur Radio technology. This is the first D-STAR system that will go on the air in Colorado. The hope is that it is the first of many such systems, ultimately linking the entire Amateur Radio community throughout Colorado and beyond." The 3-band D-STAR system, serving the Denver Metro area and the Front Range of Colorado from Ft Collins to Castle Rock and points east, will be installed this summer at a mountaintop site. The system will have a coverage area of more than 5400 square miles, nearly the size of Connecticut. Ryan said that the RFP placed "special emphasis" on the D-STAR systems being available to ARES groups in the served area, "and also requires the host group to link to any other requesting D-STAR system that comes on the air in Colorado." - ARRL Letter + Interoperability Video There is a very current video that addresses progress on interoperability among first responders, and the technical, funding, and political challenges that still dog this issue. It's from Homeland Security Today Magazine, and can be viewed at: <http://tinyurl.com/567dmj> --Les Rayburn, N1LF, Shelby County, Alabama EC + Pandemic Flu Video There is an excellent resource video available on-line that speaks clearly about the threat of a flu pandemic, its potential impact, and common sense steps that can be taken to mitigate, deal with, and recover from such an event. It was produced by the King County, Washington Dept. of Public Health and can be viewed at: <http://www.metrokc.gov/health/pandemicflu/video/> Amateur Radio would have important roles in helping to manage such a crisis, and yet we would also be affected by it directly. Does your ARES program have a plan to meet its critical missions if 30% or more of your members were unable to participate? Is it possible for you to meet the needs of your served agencies while operating from home (social distancing) rather than going to their site? Are you personally prepared to deal with disruptions to the food supply, or other essential services? This video offers common sense approaches that you can take personally, as well as organizational steps that will help us all plan for, and deal with a pandemic when it occurs. -- Les Rayburn, N1LF, Shelby County, Alabama EC + UPDATE: SMS E-Mail Address for AT&T Phones I enjoyed Les Rayburn's letter in the last issue, but it seems that AT&T (formerly Cingular, formerly AT&T) has changed their email-to-SMS gateway again. Here's the information from their FAQ at <http://www.wireless.att.com/learn/messaging-internet/messaging/faq.jsp>: "Q. Can I send and receive email messages using my wireless phone? A. All wireless phones are set up to send and receive email messages by using the following address: yournumber@txt.att.net. You can exchange short emails with any email address worldwide. Q. How long can email messages be that I receive on my phone? A. Just as with regular text messages sent to your phone, each message longer than 160 characters will be broken up into multiple segments and delivered separately. Messages longer than 160 characters are billed as multiple messages." Thanks, Blake Sobiloff <blake@sobiloff.com>, San Jose, CA + LETTERS: "SMS" on APRS We also have an "SMS" in the form of APRS. It works great and if an I-Gate is available, e-mail can now be sent over APRS. Our area in South Mississippi has also experimented with NBEMS and found that with a sound card equipped computer NBEMS can send text over repeater networks merely by keying the mic and holding it next to the speakers to both send and receive. -- James Lee, KC5TYL, Lamar County, Mississippi EC + LETTERS: From the Hurricane Watch Net Manager Many thanks for the kind words about our net in the latest ARRL Letter. We're all primed for a busy season, but will be just as happy not having to go to work. We have several new members that got some "hot seat" time last year and show great promise to be future solid performers during the high pressure operations and tempo with a storm bearing down on land, or on vessels at sea. Again, many thanks for the nice write-up. -- Dave Lefavour, W7GOX, Manager, Hurricane Watch Net + LETTERS: Diminished Licensing, Technical Standards? I read with interest the recent letter from Alton Higgins, W4VFZ related to the diminished level of technical expertise of today's hams and the eased examination standards, and to that issue, I might add the reduced barrier to getting licensed resulting from the relatively new no code license procedures. My disagreement with Alton rests on the fact that each ham has a different reason for being in ham radio and different interests that attracted him or her in the first place. Some, like Alton are very technically oriented (he reports that he is an aerospace electronics design engineer) but for others, the sheer joy of operating a station in community service is paramount. We need hams like Alton to further the technical aspects of ham radio, but we also need operators like me who may not know every nuance of what goes on under the lid, but we are skilled in setting up an effective emergency station and efficiently handling traffic. I hold an advanced class license and I am studying for the extra class, but it seems that some of the electronics questions are not as important as the regulation and operator questions--at least for an operator. How important is it for me to know the difference between a Colpitts and a Hartley oscillator? I would never advocate eliminating all theory questions from the exam--we all need a baseline of basic knowledge; however, which element of the exam should be given more emphasis while at the same time not setting the bar so high that it discourages people from becoming hams in the first place? Wasn't this the rationale in eliminating the code requirement? Clearly Alton approaches ham radio from the standpoint of his career technical expertise, and is willing to give his time to teaching the technical aspects of our hobby (for this, I applaud him) but there are many aspects of our hobby that appeals to different people, and I believe that good operators are needed whether or not they can tear down and rebuild their gear blindfolded. -- Michael W. Popejoy, Ph.D., N4TIM I have to take issue with last month's letter regarding the lowering of licensing standards. I am a "no code" licensee. I have progressed to Amateur Extra and also have my Emcomm level 3 and VE certifications. I mention this not to seek compliments, but to bring me to my point. I had hesitated for years to obtain my amateur license: The prospect of learning the code was daunting and there was no local mentor.Enter the no-code Technician license, and I passed the test on my own. I then wanted to get my General, and once the code requirement was dropped, I obtained it and my Extra class license in less than 6 months. I faced what many others have faced: Many hams today do not "Elmer" as willingly as they once did. Help for people interested in ham radio is not as readily available as I think it should be. As President of my local club this year, I am trying to initiate a movement of "Elmering" and hopefully create a group of Code proficient hams who would run a code course for us who do wish to learn and use code. Elimination of the code requirement has made obtaining a license easier, but is perhaps offset by the more complex technical knowledge required. The pursuit of ham radio for me includes all aspects of ham radio, including code, EmComm and helping others. The ultimate Amateur Radio test to me is the willingness to help others. Good Elmers have passed the highest test. -- Rebekkah L. Whiting, W2WHT + LETTERS: "Digital Call signs" I enjoyed the latest e-letter. One area we are struggling with in digital modes is the notion of operator authentication. It is trivial to spoof a call sign. The FCC Part 97 rules request us to authenticate users of message forwarding systems "...(1) Authenticate the identity of the station from which it accepts communication on behalf of the system" -- we need to develop a way to assign a digital signature to a call sign. The ARRL could lead this effort, and it would not be very hard using off-the-shelf software and standards-based technology. When we get an urgent emergency message on our open channels, we right now have a difficult time telling if it is real or fake. I am not asking for encryption, just a "message/payload" that can be verified. -- Erik Westgard, NY9D + LETTERS: Observations of a FEMA Disaster Assessor In re the letter by the FEMA assessment agent in last month's issue, I too, am a Disaster Assistance Employee with FEMA and do many jobs including Preliminary Disaster Assessments (PDA). I take a hand-held with me on my PDA deployments. Not one time have I been able to raise anyone on 146.52 MHz, but while deployed in Little Rock, Arkansas, this spring, I checked into the local SKYWARN net. Operators were professional and well drilled. (We spent several hours in tornado shelters twice during this deployment). However, once I leave urban areas, activity diminishes significantly. After performing 12 PDAs in rural counties here, I saw only one two-meter radio in an emergency manager's car. While Arkansas has a good radio network, a key component, Amateur Radio, seems to be missing in the outlying counties. While deployed a few years ago to support the Salvation Army with my radios (before I worked for FEMA), I found the Salvation Army vehicles equipped with two-meter radios, but no licensed operators. I could find no one who was licensed to use these radios. It seems that we have a lot of work to do to educate both the emergency managers and the relief workers on what Amateur Radio can do and who can use this equipment. -- John Veach, KE4D, presently deployed with FEMA in Arkansas + EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT RESOURCE: Live News Cameras One of the biggest needs during any emergency is "situational awareness." More and more, news organizations are relying on live news cameras, weather cams, and similar technology. There is an online resource that will allow you to watch live news feeds from cities around the country in real time. It's called "Livenewscameras.com." They also provide a host or moderator, who will recommend the most interesting feeds available at any given moment. <http://www.livenewscameras.com/> There is a "chat" feature that shows on the page when it first loads, but I recommend ignoring that. -- Les Rayburn, N1LF, Shelby County, Alabama EC + K1CE For A Final The observations of ARRL's Harold Kramer, WJ1B, in last month's QST on obesity in the ham population struck a chord with me, as both an RN and ARES official. I see the end stages of obesity every day on the Intensive Care Unit where I work: the gross complications of diabetes, the loss of skin integrity and ultimate respiratory and heart failure. A good friend, a ham and accomplished county emergency manager, recently died as a result of the comorbidities of his obesity. Other than the obvious one, an additional benefit of a good diet and exercise is a more professional appearance to served agency officials. Next hamfest, skip the traditional hot sausage and onion stand. See you next month! 73, Rick K1CE